How do you use AOL's IMAP/SMTP servers?

The AOL IMAP and SMTP server addresses are:

imap.aol.com (port 143)
smtp.aol.com (port 587)
Log in to the IMAP server using the appropriate AOL screen name (with any spaces removed -- "John Doe" becomes "JohnDoe" or "johndoe" -- this is what we call "normalizing" a Screen Name) and that Screen Name's AOL (not AIM) Password.

The SMTP server requires authentication in order to send mail through it. Just as with the IMAP server, log in using the normalized AOL Screen Name and its AOL Password. You do not need to use the AOL SMTP server, but your message will not appear in your AOL Sent Mail and may be blocked by filters that do not believe AOL members should be sending email without using the AOL SMTP server.

Access to these servers is available whether you are dialed into AOL or another provider, regardless of whether the AOL software is signed on. AOL members using hourly rate plans will not be charged for accessing these servers -- provided they're not dialed into AOL while doing it. Access to the servers will be listed as "<NetMail>" in the Detailed Bill.

These servers will not work for a program that does not support IMAP and Authenticated SMTP. AOL does not have a POP3 server.

AOL provides detailed documentation and examples at Keyword: Open Mail Access, at Postmaster.Info, and in the AOL Help article "Can I read and send AOL e-mail using other e-mail applications?."

AOL's own step-by-step instructions of AOL account setup in various popular email programs include:

Microsoft Outlook Express 6 (AOL Help/AOL Postmaster)
Microsoft Outlook 2000 (AOL Help/AOL Postmaster)
Microsoft Outlook 2002/2003 (AOL Help/AOL Postmaster)
Microsoft Entourage (AOL Help/AOL Postmaster)
Qualcomm Eudora (AOL Help/AOL Postmaster)
Incredimail (AOL Help)
Third-party instructions for AOL account setup include:

Mozilla Thunderbird (Mozilla Thunderbird Help)
Microsoft Entourage 2004 (The Entourage Help Page)
Apple's Mail.app

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AOL's IMAP Folder Structure

The AOL IMAP folder structure includes the following folders:

INBOX
Saved
Sent Items
Spam
VOICEMAIL
 The "INBOX" folder contains all of your "incoming" mail, including mail AOL classifies as "New Mail" and "Old Mail." Although messages typically remain in an IMAP inbox indefinitely, these messages are still bound by AOL's standard policy of deleting unread mail older than approximately 27 days (see "How long does mail stay available in my mailbox?") -- so move them to the Saved folder (see below) or a local folder in your email client if you want to keep them for longer. If your IMAP email client is configured to display deleted messages, it will also show messages that AOL classifies as "Recently Deleted." These linger for roughly 24 hours before being permanently deleted. You may also be able to configure your email client to purge deleted items sooner (such as when quitting or when leaving a folder).

The "Saved" folder corresponds to AOL's "Saved on AOL" folder, and is a place to save messages on the AOL email server so that they are accessible from any location (including AOL Mail). This does not correspond with the AOL Personal Filing Cabinet. You are free to move messages in and out of this directory using your IMAP email client, and to create subfolders. Messages in this folder are saved indefiniately, subject to a 20 MB space limitation. (See "How do I save e-mail permanently?" for more information about the Saved on AOL folder.)

The "Sent Items" folder contains all of the mail you've sent through AOL. Some IMAP email clients ask you whether to store sent mail locally (on your computer) or on the IMAP server, but AOL doesn't give you that choice (or need it). AOL will automatically place a sent message in the Sent Items directory, and you will get an error of your IMAP email client tries to do it -- so it's best to configure your IMAP email client to store sent messages in the local Sent folder (if at all).

The "Spam" folder corresponds with AOL's "Spam Folder," which is where you'll find messages AOL has diverted due to its junk email filtering (see Mail Controls for more information), and messages that you have reported as being Spam. They are automatically deleted after approximately 48 hours unless purged sooner.

The "VOICEMAIL" folder is for users of AOL Voicemail premium service.

Note: The Spam and Saved folders may not exist on a particular Screen Name until they are "created." These folders are created using recent AOL for Windows versions (6.0 or later?) and possibly AOL Mail on the web.

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Notes, Issues, and Peculiarities

The SMTP server is currently available both on ports 25 (the default) and 587, which can be configured in most email programs. AOL recommends using port 587, so it's possible that port 25 will stop working some day. Some network providers block port 25 to prevent email abuse. It's also likely that AOL doesn't want to use port 25 because AOL members dialed into AOL and trying to use Open Mail Access will run afoul of AOL's SMTP proxy.
The IMAP server supports SSL, which will encrypt your session to prevent casual eavesdropping. Most current email programs have a checkbox or menu option in the account setup that enables SSL. However, you need to change the server name to imap.cs.com (port 993 -- the standard). Even though imap.aol.com and imap.cs.com are different names for the same server, the SSL "certificate" is written for imap.cs.com and will only work with that name. The SMTP server does not appear to support SSL.
Note that this feature does not appear to be supported by AOL, and may not continue to work.
The AOL mail system does not support S/MIME security. Digitally-signed messages will appear to the recipient to have been tampered with.
Messages cannot be moved or copied into the INBOX or Sent Items folders, except for moving messages from the Spam folder into the INBOX.
Additional IMAP folders cannot be created, except as a subfolder to the Saved folder.
IMAP access to the AOL mail system does not allow for special AOL-only features, such as AOL Return Receipts and checking a message's Status. For these features, you'll need to use AOL Mail via the web or AOL Communicator.
It is not uncommon to end up with a particular message in more than one IMAP folder (see above). A message marked as "Spam," for example, will end up both in the INBOX (marked as Deleted) and the "Spam" folder. This is because IMAP servers don't have a way to move messages between folders -- instead they copy and delete.
AOL's SMTP server does not permit use of a "From" email address other than the appropriate AOL Screen Name's. An attempt to use any other From address will cause the Send attempt to fail with an authentication error. Note that because of this, one should not use smtp.aol.com with a third-party email account. Better to use some other SMTP server (or the AOL SMTP proxy...whichever is working that day). For more information, see Non-AOL Email Accounts.
You cannot use an IMAP email client if your AOL Screen Name is protected with AOL PassCode (because there is no provision in the IMAP specification for presenting a SecurID challenge). AOL-developed programs, such as AOL Communicator, will work.
When the SMTP server first went online, there was an issue causing it not to work with OS X's Mail.app. This problem was subsequently fixed. (Details)
Now that you've switched to a new email program, what are you going to do about your AOL Address Book? See my Tip: Exporting the AOL Address Book.